Google Maps: Is the Earth a Sphere or Ellipsoid?

Google Maps sees the Earth as a Spheroid, not an Ellipsoid. This came up through a discussion on the PROJ mailing list and I thought it was interesting to point out how Open Source can even handle projected lat/long systems (such as Google Maps) using a very familiar tool called cs2cs.

Christoper Schmidt wrote about it on his blog and also on his blog he points out the EPSG code to use. The magical number for the Google Mercator Projection (of a lat/long grid based on a sphere) is: 900913

Now onto the fun, showing how we can use Open Source to have our data show within a KML project and Google Maps. Quoting from Frank's FAQ, he provides an excellent example, we see the following the use of cs2cs:

"cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=WGS84 +to +proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +no_defs"

Notice the sphere is being used? a=b

Because we are dealing with a sphere, the Y values will be greatly different from those on an ellipsoid (30 to 100 metres or more).

Quoting Frank again:

"In this case, and many other cases using spherical projections, the desired approach is to actually treat the lat/long locations on the sphere as if they were on WGS84 without any adjustments when using them for converting to other coordinate systems. The solution is to "trick" PROJ.4 into applying no change to the lat/long values when going to (and through) WGS84. This can be accomplished by asking PROJ to use a null grid shift file for switching from your spherical lat/long coordinates to WGS84.

cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=WGS84 +to +proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs

Note the strategic addition of +nadgrids=@null to the spherical projection definition"

As you can see the value of Open Source and the mailing list and Open Source software is that people are sharing knowledge - whether it be via blogs, lists, or some other means of communication. There is a community out there that supports each other. These are actual users facing everyday problems and looking for solutions. The answers do exist, just the question has to be asked, and the community comes together to help.